The House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah) was a major intellectual center, library, and translation institute in Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age.
- It started in the late 8th century as a private royal library for the Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid (reigned 786–809). His son, Caliph al-Ma’mun (reigned 813–833), expanded its scope into a grand public academy and research hub.